The Art of Fermentation: Everything Old is New Again

By Jeff Burns

One of the oldest methods of preparing food, found in cultures around the world, is fermentation.  The fermentation process has been used in beverage making since 7000-6000 BCE, in China, India, Georgia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Central America, and throughout Africa and Asia.  All sorts of foods have been fermented including beans, grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, milk, fish, and tea. Fermented foods are an important part of the cuisines of many different cultures.  Lately, researchers have been touting the health benefits of fermented foods, citing their probiotic effects and vitamin enriched nature. 

We already make a lot of relishes and pickles, so we decided to try some fermenting with a couple of popular fermented foods:  sauerkraut and kimchi.  Both are fermented cabbage dishes.  Sauerkraut is mostly associated with German and eastern European cultures, while kimchi is Korean.  Sauerkraut immigrated to America along with German and eastern European immigrants in the 19^th century. In the immigrant neighborhoods of cities across America, it quickly became a staple.  In the tenements of New York City in the late 1800s and early 1900s, men would go door to door with their cabbage cutting mandolins, shredding heads of cabbage for a penny each.  This saved the housewife time, labor, and space, and once she had her shredded cabbage, she could use her own family recipe to make the sauerkraut.  Our attempt turned out great.

Encouraged, we tackled the kimchi.  We found a recipe online, ordered a Korean spice mix, shredded, spiced, and then let fermentation take its course.  That’s one of the advantages of the process:  you just let nature take its course.  We jarred it, and a week and a half later, it was ready for tasting.  Another homerun!.  Now to find ways to use up jars of sauerkraut and kimchi.

Want to learn more about fermentation and maybe give it a shot yourself?  There are lots of websites full of information about the health benefits of fermented foods and recipes and how-to guides.  There are lots of books as well.  A great book to start with is The Art of Fermentation  by Sandor Ellix Katz, a James Beard Award winner (a big deal in the food world), considered a bible of fermentation.

Reluctant History

By Jeff Burns

Recently, on a summer trip to Montana and Wyoming, my wife and I visited the Heart Mountain Japanese Relocation Center historic site.  Located near Cody Wyoming, Heart Mountain was home to about 14,000 Japanese-Americans from the West Coast (and one Caucasian woman who refused to leave her Japanese husband) from 1942 to 1945.  Because of Executive Order 9066 which essentially deemed all Japanese-Americans security risks following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and authorized their relocation to 10 internment camps in some of the most desolate and isolated parts of the country.  Families were forced to sell or give away their farms, stores, and homes.  They were allowed to pack a single suitcase each, loaded on buses and trains and moved to camps like Heart Mountain, where they were to live in hastily built barracks, each family allotted a single small room.  There was no privacy or freedom anywhere, and they were constantly surrounded by barbed wire and armed guards.

Government propaganda photo of life in camp

Candid photo of actual family room

Today, little remains physically of the structures at Heart Mountain. There are a couple of buildings and a smokestack of the hospital complex and a barrack building that has recently been donated and moved back to the site.  None of the buildings are open for visitors.  There is a memorial site and observation posts on top of a hill from which visitors can get a little idea of how the camp was set up. There is an excellent interpretive center with interesting and well done exhibits showing life before Pearl Harbor, the deportations and life in the camp. 

But this is not an “On the Road” Histocrats blog; I’m writing to share an experience at the interpretive center that made me really think about history and the teaching of history. While we were in the museum, a family of three came in: an older Japanese-American man, his Caucasian wife, and their granddaughter who appeared to be in her twenties.  It’s a relatively small museum, so we couldn’t help but overhear their conversation with the museum staff.  Turns out, the man was an internee at Heart Mountain as a small boy, and this was his first visit there since 1945.  The museum staff immediately asked if he wanted to give them his contact information so that his oral history could be added to their collection.  He quietly refused, saying he wasn’t interested.  His wife and granddaughter said that he had never spoken about his experiences, that one of the cultural characteristics of Japanese people is not to dwell on the past, especially unpleasantness, and that had been drilled into him by his family. 

The family followed us into the theater for the excellent film about the camp; the film was produced by the son of an internee and features about a dozen internees telling their stories, including a couple who lived in the same barracks block as the visiting grandfather. Throughout the fifteen minute film and the museum exhibits, I watched the grandfather.  While his granddaughter sobbed during the movie, he sat stoically, without changing expression.  That stoicism persisted as he looked at photographs and exhibits, including reproductions of the rooms.  I could tell that his stoicism frustrated his granddaughter, who obviously wanted him to open up, and his wife, presumably after decades of marriage, appeared to be resigned to his quietness.

When I awoke early the next morning (body clock still on Georgia time), I thought about what I had seen, and I wondered what if I should have introduced myself to the family as a history teacher and told the grandfather how much his story and first person accounts like his mean to my students. Every year, I bring in Vietnam veterans to speak to my classes, and I often share stories of my encounters with Holocaust survivors and civil rights activists.  Their stories bring history to life for my students, and they create more thought, discussion, and reflection than any textbook or lecture can.  However, I know that there is a lot of history within people that they are reluctant to share, so much pain that they can’t bear to speak it. Unfortunately, that grandfather may never be able to share his story, but I developed a deeper appreciation for those who have shared, and I have a renewed desire to use primary sources and personal accounts in my class this fall.

Find Your Favorite History Tee

As History Fans our favorite T-shirts and road trip souvenirs reflect our interest in the past. From “Got Liberty?” shirts in Philadelphia to a FDR Campaign tie from the Roosevelt Library and Museum, we happily share our interest. However, we know that great stuff for History Fans is hard to find. The things we love aren’t found in one central place. You have to hunt for the items that reflect your interest in the past. 

History Tees is a great place to start your collection of shirts. With a wide variety of shirts that reflect events in World History, you are sure to find one that appeals to you. Do you admire the leadership of Attila the Hun? Pick a shirt that shows you are a fan of the Huns. Are you more interested in Roman history? Show your interest with a “Keep Calm and Destroy Carthage” t-shirt.

Are you ready to proudly proclaim your interest this summer? The Histocrats and History Tees can help.

We are giving away THREE History Tees shirts.  Check out History Tees and follow them. The lucky winners will be able to select the shirt of their choice. To enter, please complete the form below.  

Terms and Conditions

·                     No P.O. Boxes

·                     Must be 18 years of age or older. Winner will be chosen at random from correct entries.

·                     No cash alternative.

·                     Competition closes Wednesday, July 6, 2016 at 11:59 pm (EST).

·                     Winner will be notified and contacted via email within 24 hours after contest ends.

Enjoying History in 2016

By Nina Kendall

It is April and we are well on our way to meeting the #enjoyhistory challenge in 2016. Here are a few of the highlights of our year thus far.

Visit a museum or historic site.

            It was great to get the chance to visit the Center for Human and Civil Rights in Atlanta again. This museum is an engaging collection of sights, sounds and experiences to engage all of the senses. The exhibits weave the words of Martin Luther King, Jr into the complex and compelling images of the period. From segregated Atlanta to the continued quest for civil rights after the death of Dr. King, your move through time and issue to the soundtrack of the past. 

 This time I was lucky enough to tour the museum with my brother. It was his first visit. He too lingered at each historic and human rights exhibit he encountered.

See a documentary or history themed movie.

            Earlier this year, I got the chance to see the movie Race. This drama explores the life of Jessie Owens as he faces the challenges of life in the 1930s and the issues raised by the 1936 Olympics. I had only the most basic knowledge of the story. This movie highlighted the character of Jessie Owens and included the challenges brought by the NAACP and the discord of the Olympic Committee. The complex emotions and varied personalities in this biopic sparked my interest in this event.

Road Trip and Connect with Others who Enjoy History

 
           Spring Break was great time to take a road trip to St. Augustine, Florida. America’s oldest city is great place to experience early American history. With famous forts and pirate reenactment, history and adventure combine for fun. As I watched pirates attack, my friends and I swapped l stories about historic sites.  This trip was Greek history in Spanish Florida. The St. Photios Greek Orthodox National Shrine is an institution of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. This beautiful site shares the story of the first colony of Greek people who came to America in 1768 and their settlement at New Smyrna. The visit to the shrine and exhibit were free and great addition to our road trip

How have you been enjoying history this year?